Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease that induces the development of skin cells faster than normal, causing dead skin cells to accumulate on the outer layer of your skin. The excess skin cells cause red patches to appear on your skin that are flaky, and often itchy. Various forms of psoriasis occur, including:

• Plaque psoriasis
• Guttate psoriasis
• Scalp psoriasis
• Inverse psoriasis
• Nail psoriasis
• Pustular psoriasis
• Erythrodermic psoriasis

What causes psoriasis?

There is not yet a complete explanation of the origin of psoriasis. It is, however, assumed to be caused by an immune system glitch. T cells (a type of white blood cell inside your immune system) can help fend off harmful invaders under normal circumstances. With psoriasis, T cells can attack your healthy skin cells by mistake. One of the reasons why fresh skin cells develop and output at a higher than average rate may also be T cells.

You may be at a higher risk of developing psoriasis if you:

• Have a parent who has psoriasis
• Have a viral or bacterial infection
• Are under high levels of stress
• Are overweight
• Are a smoker

Psoriasis symptoms may also develop or intensify with certain triggers, such as:

• Certain infections
• Injuries to the skin, including minor cuts or scrapes, sunburns, or bug bites
• High consumption of alcohol
• Lack of vitamin D
• Certain medications

What are the symptoms of psoriasis?

Symptoms of psoriasis can affect any part of your body from the head down to your feet, but the lower back, elbows, knees, and scalp are the most common symptoms. Symptoms differ from person to person, but the symptoms of psoriasis in general include:

• Red, flaky patches of skin
• Dry skin that may or may not bleed
• Affected areas that feel itchy, hot, or sore
• Eroded nails
• Thickened nails
• Swollen and stiff joints

Can psoriasis lead to complications if left untreated?

Left untreated, psoriasis may put you at a higher risk for developing other diseases, such as:

• Psoriatic arthritis
• Obesity
• Certain eye conditions
• Type 2 diabetes
• Cardiovascular disease
• High blood pressure
• Other autoimmune diseases
• Kidney disease
• Metabolic syndrome
• Parkinson’s disease

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